Quality Management systems

Acquaintance According with Larry English, the standards and procedures for data quality administration have been in presence for a considerable length of time. Any quality administration process starts and finishes with the shoppers. Promoting We will compose a custom exposition test on Quality Management frameworks explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It begins with comprehension consumers’ requirements for the item, starting quality boundaries to achieve them and comes full circle with evaluating whether consumers’ prerequisites are accomplished (English, 2004). I will talk about how quality administration frameworks are utilized to improve the nature of an item/support and fulfill client needs. I will assess how the Toyota Motor Corporation has utilized quality administration frameworks to improve the nature of their Corolla items. I will likewise discuss how the Australian Airline utilize its advanced versatile informing framework to offer quality types of assistance to travelers at moderate costs. Quality administration framework utilized by Toyota Motor Corporation The Toyota Motor Corporation is the greatest vehicle maker in Japan. It has been the biggest car maker on the planet since 2004 (Leney, 2004). Since 1999, Toyota has made forceful showcasing efforts to infringe into the European Market (Bodevin 2010). The organization employed European originators to create vehicles that coordinated the necessities clients from Europe (Vries 2001). Toyota additionally intended to extend its creation limit in Europe. For instance, it propelled two new assembling plants in 2004: the Polish plant for assembling manual transmissions for Avensis, Corolla and Yaris; and the Valenciennes plant in France for creating Yaris. In 2002, the organization set up Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey, to create Corolla cars for send out purposes (Prebil 2010). Toyota Corolla has numerous upper hands when contrasted with other vehicle contenders. F or instance, the 1998 Corolla model offered predominant force with excellent economy, a comfortable inside and unwavering quality. The present model is developmental, fixing deficiencies without decreasing Corolla’s qualities. For example, it is currently simpler to deal with Corolla S than the past Corolla LE model since it offers an all around padded ride. The poor cool framework has been improved particularly in the 2004 models contrasted with the 2003 ages. Promoting Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The inside space has been extended to oblige five travelers easily. Moreover, the present model has a predominant quickening with a programmed transmission. The gas mileage is likewise extremely proficient (around 38 for interstate and 29 when driving in the city). Indeed, even the little disturbances seen in past Corolla have been amended. For example, the delicate in clination entryway handles have been traded with pull and it opens handles to empower individuals with gloves or greater hands open the entryway without any problem. In addition, the outside of the Corolla S model has been updated with an European-bulbous appearance. The back has keen tail-lights with acclimatized golden turn markers for security (Zatz, 2008) The S model has a better rpm extend when looked at than different contenders. The model has a proficiently planned pedal-to-fuel bend that makes Corolla more grounded even in city traffic. Likewise, the motor isn't incredibly loud under hard speeding up. For the most part, the S model is simpler to deal with than different vehicles. Lion's share of drivers will find that Corolla S will quickly take care of their needs. The S model feels vivacious and quick regardless of whether the tires seem to gripe under pressure (Zatz, 2008). Quality administration framework in Australian aircraft Quality administration framework is a blend of hard working attitudes and practices for improving traveler wellbeing and updating boarding administrations in aeronautics industry (Smith, 2002). For instance, Australian aircraft has overhauled its portable informing framework to offer quality types of assistance at moderate costs (Mulholland, 2005). The carrier has propelled a SMS-based ticket and furthermore introduced novel self-administration registration front counters at air terminals to give clients a proficient and quick registration administrations. Under this new framework, all travelers get their flight pass by means of email or instant messages. For those travelers who don't have registration baggage, they quickly load onto the plane utilizing the pass sent to them through email or SMS. Travelers are likewise permitted to choose their favored seats at the registration front counter. The whole procedure takes around 13 seconds for every traveler, contrasted with the past procedure which took more than 60 seconds (Mi lojkovic, 2011).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Quality Management frameworks explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The significant part of this informing framework is the novel filtering innovation that examines the instant message passed on to a passenger’s mobile phone by means of the boarding code SMS stage. The new versatile informing framework can investigate a message transmitted to a mobile phone, including cell phones. This speaks to a significant innovative progression that has empowered Australian carrier to give tickets for all travelers. Thus, the carrier recorded over 9% expansion in the volume of travelers who utilized this administration (Smith, 2002). It is worth to take note of that both Toyota Motor Corporation and Australian aircraft have incorporated quality administration frameworks in their activities to improve the nature of their items and administrations individually. These endeavors reflect David Garvinâ€⠄¢s eight components of value which he sees that buyers have assorted feelings on quality contrasted with that of a maker. Garvin characterizes quality corresponding to expenses and costs. He expresses that a quality item (administration) is one that offers execution, unwavering quality and functionality at a moderate value (Das 2007). As noted above, security the executives frameworks assume significant job in any carrier activities. Experience has uncovered that quality administration frameworks upgrade efficiency of any association. Given the current monetary status and hardened rivalry in the worldwide market, it is principal that top-level administration and representatives assume dynamic jobs in actualizing quality administration frameworks to give predominant items/administrations to address client issues. Reference Bodevin, L 2010, ‘While Detroit Slept: Toyota Invaded the American Car Market’, http://www.mcafee.cc/Classes/BEM106/Papers/UTexas/351/Toyota.pdf Das, S 2007, ‘Quest for Quality: Thoughts, Ideas, Concepts, Views on Quality and Process Improvement in the Information technology’, http://processandqualityimprovement.blogspot.com/2007/08/david-garvin.htmlAdvertising Searching for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More English, L 2004, setting up Quality Process to Exploit Technology. DataFlux Corporation, Cary, NC. Leney, A 2004, ‘Vehicle Recycling on South Tawara’, http://www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/nations/kiribati/99.pdf Milojkovic, D 2011, ‘Australian carrier presents SMS boarding passes’, http://www.routomessaging.com/Blog/Entry/106-australian-aircraft presents smsboarding-passes.pmx Mulholland, K 2005, ‘Aerospace Standard’, Http://www.sae.org Prebil, S 2010, ‘The worldwide extension of an organization into a remote market’, http://www.iei.liu.se/fek/723g10/transfer introduction for assignment3/1.226756/723G10_IB_Assignment_03_Task_02_Group_01_Pape pdf Smith, M 2002, ‘Safety Management Systems: What’s in it for you’, http://www.casa.gov.au Vries, W 2001, ‘Performance, quality, Management’, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/strategies/statorg/Workshops/KualaLumpur/01_Perfom nce_Indicators_Paper.PDF Zatz, D 2008, â €˜Introduction: 2004 Toyota Corolla Reviews’, http://www.corolland.com/corolla/audit 2004.html This article on Quality Management frameworks was composed and put together by client Alayna Bonner to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here. Quality Management Systems

Analysis of a Vacant Position in an Organization

Investigation of a Vacant Position in an Organization Unique An associations workforce is its most significant resource. Chiefs today are taking a gander at new and inventive ways for enlistment and determination of new specialists because of the scope of complexities associated with the versatility of workers all through the association and their cooperation with potential partners. Numerous progressions have happened inside the twentieth century and associations currently place a lot of significance on adaptability and the quick pace that happens inside the work environment. The work power showcase today is basically determined by joblessness and there are numerous people ready to take up work that are offered without thinking about their advantage, capabilities and wellness to take up the activity. Associations are then again exploiting and inclining towards selecting these edgy people to limit expenses of keeping up exceptionally qualified laborers. With the current circumstance, the enlistment procedure has, in this manner, ended u p being harder than it has ever been. Therefore, numerous moral issues come up. A comprehension of business morals is commonly an issue that is as yet developing.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Analysis of a Vacant Position in an Organization explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper targets concealing light on these moral issues, regarding a departmental chief activity opportunity that was declared by a paper firm in Australia. It gives a concise outline of the expected set of responsibilities for departmental director position and the enrollment techniques to be utilized and their pertinence. The paper additionally goes further to plate the moral and lawful issues influencing enrollment, and fuses the important speculations related with these issues. Presentation Workers are a principal part of each association. These individuals are the essential apparatus of the business and they are imperative since they complete the assignments funda mental for the business or organization. In acknowledgment of the significance of the human factor in associations, most organizations have a Human Resource (HR) division which is accused of in addition to other things recruiting of new workers. The work power showcase today is chiefly determined by joblessness. Contrasted with the circumstance before, it is moderately simpler to locate a willing laborer for a given position today than it was previously. Most workers today are, consequently liable to wind up in wrong employments standing out from their capabilities and even intrigue. This shockingly makes an interpretation of into a detriment to the organizations (Becker Gerhart 1996). All things being equal, as much as nations experience the ill effects of high joblessness rates on one side, firms in similar nations experience the ill effects of absence of reasonable contender for work. This wonder is most likely brought about by the nonappearance of fit between the capabilities co ntrolled by potential specialists and those required by the organizations. With the current circumstance, the enlistment procedure has, consequently, ended up being harder than it has ever been. It is a lot simpler for an enrollment procedure to bring about an off-base worker since representatives are for the most part determined by distress as opposed to energy to take up any activity that comes their direction (Schwartz 2010). E thical issues, subsequently emerge from this perplexing circumstance. Firms are progressively enticed to ignore the legitimate and moral contemplations for enlistment (Ryan 2006). In this paper I will break down an empty departmental director position publicized by the pioneer paper association. I will determine the different enlistment and choice procedures that can be utilized to get the best recruit and examine the moral and lawful ramifications of my choice choices.Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overview of departmental director position: deals office Department supervisor is a significant situation in meeting the benefit objectives of the association. The administrators administer all the elements of a business office. They actualize techniques and regulate the departmental workers to expand profitability. It is their duty to keep up and execute stock introductions, coordinating the every day exercises in the store and accommodating midpoints or deficiencies to adjust day by day money exchanges. The departmental director will lead classes and trainings to assemble abilities and propel their colleagues. He will perform constant evaluations on the profitability levels of representatives and help them in accomplishing their business objectives. He will be depended upon to think of techniques that will profit their areas of expertise and business on the loose. They actualize changes as started by the organizatio n and bolster business endeavors. Via preparing their staff on deals pitches and stress the board methods, they help associations in keeping up quality client care (Brannick Levine 2002). This legitimately converts into higher deals in the association and new business openings. Enlistment strategies Person-based investigation Skills Recruitment is the way toward recognizing the need in an association to add a worker to fill a given job and reporting an opportunity position to the general population or prospected possibility for the equivalent. While enlisting for the above depicted position, I will post an advert in an every day open paper reporting the opportunity. This will be to amplify the quantity of individuals who will know about the empty position. Informal exchange inside top position chiefs in the association won't be the essential type of correspondence for this situation as today is the situation in numerous associations (Warren 1999). The declaration will be available t o the general population and won't offer inclination to any gathering of individual based on race sex, religion or shading. The advert utilized for this situation is an open chance to all candidates, not indicating essentials as far as instruction level or capabilities. It anyway indicates that the candidates ought to be eager, dynamic â€Å"people focused† pioneers. Such open opportunity declarations energize numerous candidates and don't hold the chance of locking out ability. The moral and lawful ramifications As people, our lives are guided by rules and measures which disclose to us the proper behavior in given conditions. By and large, these standards are settled over numerous years and they are alluded to as morals. Chryssides and Kaler (1993) continue to characterize morals as an arrangement of good standards which helps with making a decision about social direct as â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† and this framework is significant for agreeable concurrence i n the society.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Analysis of a Vacant Position in an Organization explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More My preferred moral ramifications of enlistment will be to offer an equivalent chance to every single intrigued up-and-comer. Family and political associations won't precede aptitude and competency as the key factors in this procedure of enrollment. With respect to lawful measures, it is unlawful to give inclination or victimize work candidates as far as race, sex, religion, shading, conjugal status, political stand, spot of cause, and physical or mental handicap during work postings (Guardiano 1994). Employment necessities ought to be portrayed in a manner to allow every single potential candidate to apply (Ryan 1995). Furthermore, since Australia is a multicultural network which harbors some minority and hindered bunches I will need to consider whether there are any governmental policy regarding minorities in socie ty programs set up. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society comprises of a lot of antidiscrimination estimates set up which are expected to guarantee access to certain situations by society individuals who might somehow or another by under-spoke to or totally avoided (Kellough 2006). Determination Process Selection follows enrollment and it includes picking an appropriate competitor from the submitted application structures to fill the post. Determination is outfitted towards coordinating individuals to explicit occupations. This is extensively one of the most basic components in effective individuals the board of an association. In the wake of getting a pool of candidates as a result of the activity posting, I will base on a few techniques for examination to choose candidates who fit the bill for a meeting. By taking a gander at the numerous application letters that I will get, I will initially play out an individual based investigation for the departmental director pos ition, by taking a gander at faculty abilities and competency of the candidates (Milkovich Newman 2010). Aptitude based investigation During the determination, I will require a base capability of a lone wolves degree in business or a related control for this position. I will necessitate that the fruitful candidates be well outfitted with Information Technology aptitudes to oversee and design business exercises and records. Preparing aptitudes are basic to help the supervisor in enrolling, instructing and evaluating workers, and it will be an additional preferred position to those candidates who will have expressed these abilities in their application letters. (Brannick Levine 2002). The moral ramifications of the aptitude based investigation will be to offer need to the profoundly qualified candidates to benefit both the association and the society.Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More During interviews, I will pose direct inquiries that extend to a clarification on the employment opportunity prerequisites and desires. This will be to give the candidates an away from of what will be normal from the position allow me to watch their quick response, helping me to recognize the most ideal possibility for the activity. I will take care to keep away from unlawful and oppressive inquiries. Posing inquiries on precluded grounds, for example, whethe

So, uh help me pick classes

So, uh… help me pick classes It was as bad as I suspected it would be. Turns out I have 5 hasses and no science class. Help me pick a science class! Help me seriously drop some HASSs! Currently registered: (choose 2) 21W.747 Rhetoric ______ Undergrad (Fall, Spring) HASS-D, Category 2 Communication Intensive HASS Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 You must enter the HASS-D lottery to take this subject. Remove from schedule Recitation: MW3-4.30 (12-134) or TR11-12.30 (12-134) or TR1-2.30 (12-134) ______ For students with a special interest in learning how to make forceful arguments in written form. Studies the forms and structures of argumentation, including organization of ideas, awareness of audience, methods of persuasion, evidence, factual vs. emotional argument, figures of speech, and historical forms and uses of arguments. more information Fall: S. Strang, L. Perelman, M. Poe Spring: S. Strang, L. Perelman 21W.740 Writing Autobiography and Biography ______ Undergrad (Fall) HASS Elective Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Remove from schedule Lecture: W EVE (7-10 PM) (14N-112) ______ Writing an autobiography is a vehicle for improving ones style while studying the nuances of the language. Literary works are read with an emphasis on different forms of autobiography. Students examine various stages of life, significant transitions, personal struggles, and memories translated into narrative prose, and discuss: what it means for autobiographer and biographer to develop a personal voice; and the problems of reality and fiction in autobiography and biography. K. Manning 21M.460 MIT Senegalese Drum Ensemble ______ Undergrad (Fall, Spring) Can be repeated for credit Prereq: None Units: 0-3-3 Remove from schedule Lecture: M EVE (7-10 PM) (N52-199) ______ A performance ensemble focusing on the sabar drumming tradition of Senegal, West Africa. Study and rehearse Senegalese drumming techniques and spoken word. Perform in conjunction with MIT Rambax drumming group. No previous experience necessary, but prior enrollment in 21M.030 or 21M.293 strongly recommended. Enrollment limited to 20 students by audition. L. Toure 21W.762 Poetry Workshop ______ Undergrad (Fall) HASS Elective Can be repeated for credit Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Remove from schedule Lecture: W EVE (7-10 PM) (56-167) ______ For students with some previous experience in poetry writing. Frequent assignments stress use of language, diction, word choice, line breaks, imagery, mood, and tone. Considers the functions of memory, imagination, dreams, poetic impulses. Throughout the term, students examine the work of published poets. Revision stressed. E. Funkhouser 21H.601 Islam, the Middle East, and the West ______ Undergrad (Fall) HASS-D, Category 5 Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 You must enter the HASS-D lottery to take this subject. Add to schedule Lecture: MWF11 (2-146) +final ______ Provides students with an overview of basic themes and issues in Middle Eastern history from the rise of Islam to the present, with an emphasis on exchanges and encounters between the Middle East and Europe/North America. Examines the history of the notion of East and West; the emergence of Islam and the Christianization of Europe; Ottoman expansion and the flourishing of European powers; European competition with and colonization of Middle Eastern societies, and Middle Eastern responses. more information B. Der Matossian Poetry and autobiography are obviously scheduled for the same block. One of those has got to go. I will probably keep drumming if I make it in auditions. Islam happens at the same time as both my choices for the last remaining requirement for my physics degree (aside from my thesis): 8.07 or 8.351 (my sub for 8.09), so thats probably not going to happen. Out of those HASSs, I need 2. Im still missing 1 HASS-D for graduation, 4 HASS classes total, and 2 writing classes for my concentration. HASS requirements are one of the most painfully complicated things currently at MIT. So what classes should I pick? 1 HASS-D preferably, and the other a writing for my concentration. Not a whole lot of freedom. Let this be a lesson. Classes I wouldnt mind adding: 8.351J Classical Mechanics: A Computational Approach ______ Graduate (Fall) H-Level Grad Credit (Same subject as 6.946J, 12.620J) (Subject meets with 12.008) Prereq: Physics I (GIR), 18.03, 6.01 Units: 3-3-6 URL: http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~gjs/6946/index.html Remove from schedule Lecture: MWF11 (54-317) Lab: TBA ______ Classical mechanics in a computational framework, Lagrangian formulation, action, variational principles, and Hamiltons principle. Conserved quantities, Hamiltonian formulation, surfaces of section, chaos, and Liouvilles theorem. Poincare integral invariants, Poincare-Birkhoff and KAM theorems. Invariant curves and cantori. Nonlinear resonances, resonance overlap and transition to chaos. Symplectic integration. Adiabatic invariants. Applications to simple physical systems and solar system dynamics. Extensive use of computation to capture methods, for simulation, and for symbolic analysis. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments. J. Wisdom, G. J. Sussman 18.700 Linear Algebra ______ Undergrad (Fall) Rest Elec in Sci Tech Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 18.06 URL: http://math.mit.edu/~gabriele/18700.html Remove from schedule Lecture: TR11-12.30 (4-163) +final ______ Vector spaces, systems of linear equations, bases, linear independence, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues, inner products, quadratic forms, and canonical forms of matrices. More emphasis on theory and proofs than in 18.06. J. McKernan 18.353J Nonlinear Dynamics I: Chaos ______ Undergrad (Fall) (Same subject as 2.050J, 12.006J) Prereq: 18.03 or 18.034; Physics II (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 URL: http://segovia.mit.edu/12.006/ Remove from schedule Lecture: MW12.30-2 (2-105) ______ Introduction to nonlinear dynamics and chaos in dissipative systems. Forced and parametric oscillators. Phase space. Periodic, quasiperiodic, and aperiodic flows. Sensitivity to initial conditions and strange attractors. Lorenz attractor. Period doubling, intermittency, and quasiperiodicity. Scaling and universality. Analysis of experimental data: Fourier transforms, Poincare sections, fractal dimension, and Lyapunov exponents. Applications to mechanical systems, fluid dynamics, physics, geophysics, and chemistry. See 12.207J/18.354J for Nonlinear Dynamics II. EAPS staff 8.07 Electromagnetism II ______ Undergrad (Fall) Prereq: 8.03, 18.03 Units: 4-0-8 URL: http://web.mit.edu/8.07/www/ Add to schedule Lecture: MWF11 (6-120) Recitation: R2 (24-115) or R3 (24-115) +final ______ Survey of basic electromagnetic phenomena: electrostatics, magnetostatics; electromagnetic properties of matter. Time-dependent electromagnetic fields and Maxwells equations. Electromagnetic waves, emission, absorption, and scattering of radiation. Relativistic electrodynamics and mechanics. J. Egedal-Pedersen Why not 18.06? Just cause I feel like Ive learned most of what I need to know in terms of practical linear algebra after the quantum sequence and 18.700 is more theoretical. But also, I hear it kinda sucks. Some people like it. 8.07 and 8.351 conflict. 8.321 quantum theory definitely wont fit into my schedule although it looked interesting. Ive gotten permission to go ahead with 8.351 for my physics degree restricted electives (8.07 8.08 or 8.09, choose 1, it subs for 8.09, which Ive also heard is quite tedious from almost everyone whos taken it). At this point- senior year, that is- most students have the option to start breaking into the grad courses and some kids really load up on those. Me, I dont know, I figure as long as there is still basic physics Im not completely comfortable with, the grad classes can wait. Theres still grad school. So, only one of those courses is grad level. Choose 2.

Summary of Gish Jens Whos Irish Essay - 547 Words

Gish Jen’s â€Å"Who’s Irish† tells the story of a sixty-eight-year-old Chinese immigrant and her struggle to accept other cultures different from her own. The protagonist has been living in the United States for a while but she is still critical of other cultures and ethnicities, such as her son-in-law’s Irish family and the American values in which her daughter insists on applying while raising the protagonist’s granddaughter. The main character finds it very hard to accept the American way of disciplining and decides to implement her own measures when babysitting her granddaughter Sophie. When the main character’s daughter finds out that she has been spanking Sophie she asks her mother to move out of the house and breaks any further contact†¦show more content†¦Her stubbornness and strict discipline is evident when she pokes Sophie with a stick, trying to make Sophie come out of a foxhole in which she hid herself in, not giving up on the idea of the punishment. The character is round, as we are introduced to her most inner thoughts and personality traits while she narrates the story. At the same time, the protagonist is a static character, since her critical behavior of other cultures does not change throughout the story. In the end, the main character still displays her intolerance when she says, â€Å"Of course, I shouldn’t say Irish this, Irish that, especially now I am become honorary Irish myself, according to Bess. Me! Who’s Irish? I say†. The protagonist represents someone who despite being herself an immigrant sees other cultures and ethnicities as outsiders and is critical of others such as her son-in-law’s family and the previous American babysitter. The story has an external conflict between the main character and her daughter in regarding best way of disciplining Sophie but this conflict is based on the internal one. The main conflict of the story is the internal conflict of the Chinese immigrant who decides to live in the United States but carries the values of her native country with her and therefore, finds it difficult to accept other types of behavior, such as the actions of the Irish family. Her internal conflict is evident when she

Competitive Advantage Of Whole Foods - 1921 Words

Competitive Advantage(s) Whole Foods strong brand identity is likely its greatest source of competitive advantage. The company has successfully established itself as the leader in the organic and natural food segment, and has invested heavily in store quality and customer service. These factors differentiate it from other grocers and have fostered a relatively loyal customer base that is assured of WFM’s high quality products and services. Maintaining this advantage will be essential in preserving the franchise’s competitiveness despite the increase of other companies offering natural and organic products. Central Problem(s) The company is under immense pressure to match the rapid growth that newer, lower-cost entrants into the organic†¦show more content†¦It can also be the case where your goal is a combination of all the goals that I have previously mentioned, and I believe that this is the case here. Although the company is making large profits now, its sales have been declining for six straight quarters leading to an inevitable decrease in profits. It is important to think of why this is happening. I believe that the company is not focused on what the consumers actually want, but rather focused on what the company â€Å"thinks† that consumers want or on what it â€Å"thinks† the consumers should want. Whole Foods follows the ideology of not simply selling the product but also selling the customer service and experience that comes with it. However, most shoppers are more shoppers savvy and pursue desirable prices rather than the shopping experience. This has caused a huge issue for Whole Foods leading to a decline in sales. Founder of Whole Foods, Jack Mackey even states, â€Å"we’re changing the [grocery-shopping] experience so that people enjoy it. It’s a richer, [more fun], more enjoyable experience. People don’t shop our stores because we have low prices.† On the contrary, it seems that the majority of customers don’t go to seek the experience but rather the prices. To truly know whether this is the case or not or to know wha t must be done to address this, I recommend that WFM to initiate research that focuses on what consumers need, how they value those needs, and how WFM can fulfill those needs, this in turn wouldShow MoreRelatedLeading Whole Foods With a Competitive Advantage2480 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction To most consumers Whole Foods is known as a chain grocery store specializing in organic and natural foods. Some may go as far as say the name is synonymous with quality. This comparison is the result of Whole Foods’ marketing their brand successfully to consumers demanding their specialized foods. 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If the relationship with the supplier become difficult or it is cancelled the company may face serious problems of supplying. 2. A loss in consumer confidence in the safety and quality of certain food products could materially impact the results of the operations. One of the company’s competitive advantage is their high quality standards; that’s why any concernRead MoreWhole Foods Market : Vision, Core Values, And Strategy Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesStefan Sjekloca 09/17/2016 Case Study Whole Foods Market in 2014: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy 1) Merchandise strategy, Whole Foods Market concentrates in having an interactive atmosphere in their stores. The way the setup their products makes people want to keep buying, they make it an inviting atmosphere with a lot of colorful dà ©cor, they try to make it a community as itself. In the stores they have a lot of sitting areas like bakeries, coffee shops, open kitchens, and etc. Their main focus

Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens Free Essays

The Language Barrier for Non-English Speaking Citizens Lynne Lilley Com/150 University of Phoenix Com/150 March 8, 2010 The Language Barrier for Non-English Speaking Citizens â€Å"No Habla English†. â€Å"21 million people living in the United States cannot speak English. Citizens are not just speaking Spanish, but Chinese and Russian are rising fast. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2009) To force a citizen to speak a new language is discrimination. Non-English speaking citizens and immigrants that are without good English skills will fall academically, in the judicial system and when receiving proper medical care. 47 million Americans five years and older used a language other than English. The children that have no English skills will not be able to understand what the teacher is trying to teach. Children will not be able to do their assignments correctly and will eventually fail the class. †Some illegal immigrants are raising their children without teaching them English, hoping that the school will do that job. The Washington Post recently reported that as many as two-thirds of the children in suburban Arlington County, Virginia, receiving language assistance from kindergarten through second-grade born in the United States to non-English-speaking parents who don’t read to them, talk to them, or provide them a background in any language. (Not Speakiing their Native Tongue, 1996) A child being educated in English opens many doors of opportunities. English as a Second Language learner has more benefits than those of native English. Native speakers tend to speak in slang or use cliches and have bad grammar skills. There are even laws to wanting to learn another language as opposed to not knowing another language. In Albany, Georgia, they are trying to pass a law that students no longer have Spanish classes in schools and parents need to hire a tutor to come in to their home and teach the child a foreign language. Learning English will benefit a child not knowing the language and prevent barriers as an adult. Since the first amendment is freedom of speech, why do so many non-English speaking citizens run into barriers in the judicial systems? A citizen cannot explain an emergency to a police official such as; ho attacked them, who they were victimized by or the nature of the emergency they are having. There are just not enough bilingual employees in the judicial system whether it is police, courthouse officials, or translators. If an officer does not speak the language of the victim, the officer has to call a hotline service that will provide the correct language and that could take some time. Attorney’s that have non-English speaking clients recognize initially that such representation will be time consuming. They must begin their representation carefully, making sure a basis foundation for communication exists. Another problem that occurs when the client and attorney waste time because the attorney, court clerk, or other individual fail to identify the correct name of the represented individual. Often times when a non-English speaking citizen has problems with the judicial system it occurs because the person cannot read the notices sent or end up having no counsel or able to consult with their counsel. Defendants end up doing lengthy jail sentences because they did not tell the court they needed an interpreter. â€Å"In Virginia, a convenience store clerk was fired for complaining about the employer’s unwritten English-only policy. In Florida, two hotels faced on AFL-CIO boycott because they reportedly insisted they use English only. In New York, Long Life Home Care has been sued by EEOC on behalf of two workers who allege that the company prohibits employees from speaking Spanish only during breaks, lunch in the cafeteria and within one city block of their office building† (Lost in Translation, 2006). Judicial systems are not the only ones who have problems with language barriers; the medical field are affected too. Non-English speaking citizens and immigrants are receiving improper medical care because of the miscommunication. The people who cannot speak English well are misunderstood, when they go to free clinics or hospital emergency rooms and attempt to explain their symptoms and illness or cannot understand the doctors or medical profession that are trying to help them. † Interpreters are omitting questions about drug allergies. Patients are not telling nurses the correct symptoms. A mother misunderstood by putting oral antibiotic into the ears of the child instead of the mouth. The Puerto Rican word for mumps is not the same in Central America, so a child was mistreated. A doctor mistakenly told a parent to put a steroid creme on entire child instead of just the face† (Yolanda Prtida, 2005). Language barriers in the medical field are dangerous and some times even fatal. There is definitely a need for more translators in hospitals and doctors office. Clear communication is essential for safe quality healthcare. Poor communication can lead to disastrous outcomes, especially for patients with limited or no English ability. Working together with non-English speaking citizens and immigrants would help eliminate some barriers. When you call any bank or financial institute, public utility, or government agency, you can hear a prompt stating if you want to proceed in English press 1. That shows that we are working on a bilingual nation. A language barrier is not a disability, while those who cannot communicate are, of course, handicapped in our society. The inability to speak English is not a handicap in the physiological sense. † Let’s face—English is a crazy language, and English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race (which, of course, isn’t a race at all). That is why,-when-the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it† (unknown). Works Cited Lost in Translation. (2006, January 17). New York Times , pp. 1-2. Not Speakiing their Native Tongue. (1996, May 14). Washington Post , p. A1. U. S. Bureau of Census. (2009). Retrieved March 2, 2010, from U. S Bureau of Census website: http://factfinder. census. gov unknown. (n. d. ). Yolanda Prtida, M. D. (2005). Language Policy and Practice in Healthcare. Fresno: Center for Medical Eduacation Research. How to cite Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens, Essays

Semantic Search Your Content 7 Things to Optimize

As search engine algorithms evolve, keyword-stuffed articles have become a thing of the past. With the arrival of semantic search, it’s now even more important for marketers to refine their content strategies for today’s sophisticated search engines. What is Semantic Search? In terms of search engines, semantics relates to the study of words and their logic. It allows Google and other search engines to identify the intent behind searches to deliver more relevant results, even if search queries don’t contain the exact keywords. It’s all about context. If a user searches for â€Å"Nocturnal Animals,† do they want to know about the film, or creatures that are active at night? To predict user intent, search engines now factor in the relationship between words in the query, spelling variations, previous searches, the user’s location, and trending topics. The programming also gathers data about click-throughs and bounce rates to improve future query results. This is why Google developed RankBrain, the artificial intelligence component of its Hummingbird algorithm. This machine learning technology enables the search engine to evaluate search behavior and teach itself how to deliver better results. Voice-search enabled digital assistants like Apple’s Siri and Microsoft’s Cortana are also changing the search engine landscape. ComScore estimates that by 2020, 50 percent of all searches will be voice searched. The Challenge for Content Marketers Content marketers need to adapt to these changes and learn how to optimize content for Google RankBrian and voice search. Understanding the intent behind users’ search queries is now the key to creating content that gets found online. Instead of focusing solely on keywords, you need to better understand the real meaning behind the questions users ask. It’s about delivering relevant and natural content that your target audience is looking for. How to Optimize Content for Semantic Search If you’re not producing quality content around the topics relevant to your audience, you have no real chance of being viewed as a valuable answer to search queries, and your search rankings will decrease. 1. Optimize Content for Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) LSI is a system that Google uses to identify keywords that surround the main keywords you use. It makes it easier to understand the context of your content and rank it accordingly, because Google already knows which LSI keywords the highest ranking content uses. This means that you should perform LSI keyword research to support your main keywords. To do this you can use LSIGraph to find related keywords, or make not of Google’s Related Searches suggestions. 2. Contextual Content It’s always been Google’s goal to deliver the highest quality content to searchers, so creating high-quality content will automatically help your semantic search rankings. Try to create well-written content that offers real value to your audience. Deliver more long-form content with competitive long-tail keywords, strong LSI meta tags and descriptions, and use semantic HTML markup to reinforce the context of each web page. Find out more here. 3. Branded Content Semantic SEO is improved if your brand has a strong online presence. To boost your visibility: Make sure all your web pages are mobile friendly. Optimize your content for local search queries. Include business details or author names in all your content. Build relationships with industry influencers. Promote your content using social share buttons. Create or update your profile on Google My Business. Deliver search engine-friendly press releases. 4. Optimize for Google’s Knowledge Graph Often referred to as â€Å"featured snippets† or â€Å"rich answers,† the Knowledge Graph uses semantic search to deliver more relevant results. To improve your chances of appearing on a Knowledge Graph: List your company on Wikipedia. See how to create your own Wikipedia page here. Create business profiles on Google Plus, YouTube, and LinkedIn. Add structured data – or schema markup – to your site. It makes it easier for search engines to crawl, organize, and display your content. 5. Optimize for Google’s Featured Snippets The Featured Snippet (previously known as Answer Box) is powered by Google’s Knowledge Graph and shows up in SERPs so that users get useful information without having to click on a link. To increase your chances of being a feature snippet: Create in-depth content that specifically answers questions your target audience are asking. Display the question in your content, and provide answers in step-by-step bullet form. Add all the relevant HTML markup. Answer common questions on your social media channels. Add a question and answer section to your website. 6. Optimize Internal Links Building a strong internal link structure will help to optimize your content for RankBrain. Use descriptive keywords in anchor texts to add context to the topics you’re covering. Find out more about internal linking best practices here. 7. Optimize for Voice Search Produce content that answers customers’ FAQs before they have to ask. Display your name, address, phone number, email, and opening hours on every web page. Also answer questions about your products and services, and explain your unique selling proposition to potential visitors. Final Thoughts Optimizing your content for semantic search involves various content marketing and SEO strategies. To improve your semantic search results, you need to look at all your online activity, from your website content, keywords, and links, to your social media channels, business listings, and even paid ads.Ask yourself: â€Å"What does my audience want to know?† and â€Å"How can I make my online content more useful?† Search engines will only get better at understanding natural language and the meaning behind search queries, so you should start optimizing for semantic search today. If you don’t, your search engine rankings may fall sooner than you think.

B.C. (or BC) - Counting and Numbering Pre-Roman Time

B.C. (or BC) - Counting and Numbering Pre-Roman Time The term BC (or B.C.) is used by most people in the west to refer to pre-Roman dates in the Gregorian Calendar (our current calendar of choice). BC refers to Before Christ, meaning before the putative birth year of the prophet/philosopher Jesus Christ, or at least before the date once thought to be that of Christs birth (the year AD 1). The first surviving use of the BC/AD convention was by the Carthaginian bishop Victor of Tunnuna (died AD 570). Victor was working on a text called Chronicon, a history of the world begun by Christian bishops in the 2nd century AD. BC/AD was also used by the British monk the Venerable Bede, who wrote over a century after Victors death. The BC/AD convention was probably established as early as the first or second century AD, if not widely used until much later. But the decision to mark years AD/BC at all is only the most prevalent convention of our current western calendar in use today, and it was devised only after some tens of thousands of years of mathematical and astronomical investigations. Calendars BC The people who likely devised the earliest calendars are thought to have been motivated by food: the need to track seasonal  growth rates in plants and migrations in animals. These early astronomers marked time by the only way possible: by learning the motions of celestial objects such as the sun, moon, and stars. These earliest calendars were developed all over the world, by hunter-gatherers whose lives depended on knowing when and where the next meal was coming from. Artifacts that may represent this important first step are called tally sticks, bone and stone objects which bear incised marks that may refer to the numbers of days between moons. The most elaborate of such objects is the (somewhat controversial of course) Blanchard Plaque, a 30,000-year old piece of bone from the Upper Paleolithic site of Abri Blanchard, in the Dordogne valley of France; but there are tallies from much older sites that may or may not represent calendrical observations. The domestication of plants and animals brought an additional layer of complexity: people were dependent on knowing when their crops would ripen or when their animals would gestate. Neolithic calendars must include the stone circles and megalithic monuments of Europe and elsewhere, some of which mark the important solar events such as solstices and equinoxes. The earliest possible first written calendar identified to date is the Gezer calendar, inscribed in ancient Hebrew and dated to 950 BC. Shang dynasty oracle bones [ca 1250-1046 BC] may also have had a calendrical notation. Counting and Numbering Hours, Days, Years While we take it for granted today, the crucial human requirement of capturing events and predicting future events based on your observations is a truly mind-blowing problem. It seems quite likely that much of our science, mathematics, and astronomy are a direct outgrowth of our attempts to make a reliable calendar. And as scientists learn more about measuring time, it becomes clear how enormously complex the problem truly is. For example, youd think figuring out how long a day was would be simple enoughbut we now know that the sidereal daythe absolute chunk of the solar yearlasts 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds, and is gradually lengthening. According to growth rings in mollusks and corals, 500 million years ago there may have been as many as 400 days per solar year. Our astronomical geek ancestors had to figure out how many days there were in a solar year  when the days and years varied in length. And in an attempt to know enough about the future, they did the same for a lunar yearhow often did the moon wax and wane and when does it rise and set. And those kinds of calendars arent migratable: sunrise and sunset occur at different times at different parts of the year and different places in the world, and the moons location in the sky is different for different people. Really, the calendar on your wall is a remarkable feat. How Many Days? Fortunately, we can track the failures and successes of that process through surviving, if patchy historical documentation. The earliest Babylonian calendar reckoned the year to be 360 days longthats why we have 360 degrees in a circle, 60 minutes to an hour, 60 seconds to the minute. By about 2,000 years ago, societies in Egypt, Babylon, China, and Greece had figured out that the year was actually 365 days and a fraction. The problem becamehow do you deal with a fraction of a day? Those fractions built up over time: eventually, the calendar that you were relying on to schedule events and tell you when to plant became off by several days: a disaster. In 46 BC, the Roman ruler Julius Caesar established the Julian calendar, which was built solely on the solar year: it was instituted with 365.25 days and ignored the lunar cycle entirely. A leap day was built in every four years to account for the .25, and that worked pretty well. But today we know our solar year is actually 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds long, which is not (quite) 1/4 of a day. The Julian calendar was off by 11 minutes per year, or a day every 128 years. That doesnt sound too bad, right? But, by 1582, the Julian calendar was off by 12 days and cried out to be corrected. Other Common Calendar Designations A.D.B.P.RCYBPcal BPA.H.B.C.E.C.E. Sources This glossary entry is part of the About.com Guide to Calendar Designations and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Dutka J. 1988. On the Gregorian revision of the Julian calendar. The Mathematical Intelligencer 30(1):56-64. Marshack A, and DErrico F. 1989. On Wishful Thinking and Lunar Calendars. Current Anthropology 30(4):491-500. Peters JD. 2009. Calendar, clock, tower. MIT6 Stone and Papyrus: Storage and Transmission. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Richards EG. 1999. Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sivan D. 1998. The Gezer Calendar and Northwest Semitic Linguistics. Israel Exploration Journal 48(1/2):101-105. Taylor T. 2008. Prehistory vs. Archaeology: Terms of Engagement. Journal of World Prehistory 21:1–18.

How to Write a Term Paper Quickly

How to Write a Term Paper Quickly How to Write a Term Paper Quickly Students writing an examination or a class assignment have various speeds of completing their tasks. There are students who will take less than half the period that has been allocated to complete a certain paper. When this happens, the other students commonly develop a certain rush to finish their assignments too and submit their papers. Instructors discourage this kind of action, citing that it can make one omit crucial information. In the same way, rushing to complete a term paper simply because your colleague has finished hers can make you spell words wrongly. Again, the important requirement of proofreading your final copy will be overlooked. It is a plus for a student to write his/her term paper quickly. This does not mean that you should rush your work, in so doing jeopardizing chances of getting a good score. Writing a term paper quickly is possible if one has grasped the elements of creative writing. One of these elements is to dedicate the first five minutes of a writing task to understand the topic and organize your concepts in a logical and coherent flow. To do this, you need to have a sheet of paper in which you will draft a rough sketch of your term paper. To some students, this is a time-wasting activity that is not necessary. The truth, however, is that writing an outline of your term paper will stimulate your brain to generate many ideas. Where these ideas are not written down, there is likelihood that they evade the mind of the student, and in the end, the writer will only have two points that do not offer enough breadth. You should not limit yourself when writing the rough sketch of your term paper. It is always advisable to put all ideas on paper, regardless of how absurd they might appear. You probably have started writing a paper with a single concept, but later realized that your mind generated many other theories from that single concept. If the writer keeps the topic in mind, every idea that is noted in the rough outline will form a paragraph, thus assisting the writer to write a detailed term paper. After doing the rough draft, your work will be to transfer the main ideas onto your clean copy. The task for the writer will be to add flesh to the skeleton provided in the outline, which should not be difficult at all. Instructors recommend that you should always tick off an idea out of your rough draft once you have incorporated it into the main document. Unless you do this, you might unconsciously repeat points, and your lecturer will penalize you for this. Modern learning institutions allow students to use computers to write their term papers. This technology makes the writing task even simpler and quicker. This is because the computer saves all your drafts, and highlights erroneous sections that require correction. Therefore, the only laborious part is drafting the first copy, and you can edit it in no time. If you need a custom term paper you can order it online from paper writing service. High quality, plagiarism-free and timely delivery guarantee!

World history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World history - Essay Example The Germans were not happy with Theodore Roosevelt and were the first to say they would go to war. The other cause of the war was the assassination of an Austria-Hungary president. Serbia was not happy with the Austria-Hungarian rule (Class Notes). Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria Hungry by a Serbian nationalists led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on all Serbian nationals. Countries that supported either Serbia or Austria-Hungary also went to war (Ross 27). The other cause of World War I was nationalism. As mentioned earlier, there are countries that supported Serbia and Austria-Hungary when they were at war. Russia defended Serbia to strengthen their alliance. In addition, Russia also called France to support them against Austria-Hungary (Class Notes). Germany saw that Russia was mobilizing and declared war on Russia. Germany also decided to support Austria-Hungary against the Serbia. Lastly, the other cause of world war one was militarism (Ross 24). In 1900s, countries such as Germany and Great Britain had a lot of military buildup. In addition, the two countries also increased their navies during this time in preparation for war. Russia also joined the two in its military buildup. The increase of militarism between all these countries which has access to powerful weapons contributed to the start of world war one. Unlike the First World War, the second was as a result of long-term and short-term causes. One of the long-term causes of the war was that the League of Nations was not able to deal with some of the main international issues which were causing conflicts. The League of Nations was an international organization created after the First World War to deal with international conflicts. For example, the conflict between Abyssinia and Manchuria was not under control because the league showed it was not able to deal with the two powers (Class Notes). The other long term cause was the anger that was felt all

Development Policies and Political Evolution of Jordan Essay

Development Policies and Political Evolution of Jordan - Essay Example He has the power to appoint or dismiss the judges, amend the constitution, wage wars, and control the armed forces. He appoints the council of ministers, led by the Prime Minister, which is entrusted with the responsibility of overlooking the affairs of the country concerning general policies. The Jordanian constitution offers three types of courts – civil, religious and special, and its administration comprises of a total of twelve governorates each of which is led by a governor, who in turn is appointed by the King. The governors of each governorate are responsible for supervising and managing all the government departments as well as developmental projects in their respective regions1. Jordan, a predominantly monarchist regime, has seen the tremendous transformation on the political front in the past decade. Its transition from monarchy towards a democracy has resulted in the establishment of a multi-party system, as well as framing of revolutionary laws and policies that aimed to ensure and safeguard political freedom. Jordan aims to establish itself as a model of a modern Islamic state with humanistic values. In pursuit of its ideals and a vision to create a model framework for the social, political and economic development of their country, the Ministry for Political Development was established in the year 2003. This organization put forward a formal definition that aptly described the country’s political ideologies. It is mentioned below: â€Å"Development is a modernization process that will develop the relationship between the State and society, which will foster public stability and social peace through developing the law regulating public affairs, stimulating public participation, restructuring the public concepts of organizational and institutional structures and transforming the concepts of adjustment loyalty, transparency, accountability and participation from the theoretical stage  into the application sphere."

Student investment properties

Student investment properties 2.0 Introduction Property assets such as land and buildings are key resources for all types of organizations. Since there are a lots of demand in the property market, it caused investors started investing in property assets. Residential property is one of the target sectors to invest from investors speculation. However, investing in student property market (student investment properties) has become a new type of investing trend in residential property. There is an increase in the demand of student properties vicinity to any campus. Student properties are popular because of its location and accessibility. Hence, there is high demand towards the properties nearby to the area. It caused many investors involved in investing in this sector nowadays. Furniture and facilities that provided in student properties is one of the factors that will took into consideration when students renting the unit. Thus, it can be one of the factors that investors will have to think of when investing in student property market. Furthermore, this chapter will discuss about the definition of investment, characteristic of real estate, parties involved in property investment, definition of rate of return / return on investment, capitalization rate, factors and reasons that should be considered when investing in student property market (student investment properties). 2.1 Definition of Investment Investing is defined in several ways, such as placing money for profitable purposes, or extending capital in return of perceived profits. Another definition for investing, favored by many economists, which is known as â€Å"Investing is defined as giving up present consumption in exchange for future benefit†. Business Dictionary defined that investment is money committed or property acquired for future income. In addition, it is also known as trading between risk and reward while aiming for incremental gain and preservation of the invested amount (principal). Two main classes of investment are: Fixed income investment such as bonds, fixed deposits, preference shares Variable income investment such as business ownership (equities) and property ownership. Investment means the purchase of any incoming yielding asset, such as securities (stocks and bonds), or real estate. The assets themselves are also referred to as investments due to financial theory. In economic theory, investment means expenditures for additions to capital. Capital is usually defined as man-made goods used in production, such as machines and other productive equipments (Anatol Murad, 1962). 2.2 Characteristics of Real Estate There are two types of characteristics which are known as physical and economic. (Real Estate Decision, 2002) 2.2.1 Physical Characteristic Physical characteristic of land are its immobility, indestructibility, and nonhomogenity. Once the size and shape of a parcel of land are established, the legal nature of the land is also established with respect to mineral and air rights. Knowledge of the legal concept of land is important for making an analysis of its physical characteristics. Land in its legal sense is immobile because it cannot be moved from one place to another. Moreover, The location of the mineral rights and the air rights cannot be moved even if the surface is moved. Land is indestructible in the sense that movement of the surface does not destroy the full package of rights. Even though there are many types of human act that may destroy the land but they are not capable to destroy land in its legal sense. Land cannot be destroyed because its location cannot be destroyed. Land is non-homogeneous because each parcel of land can be distinguished from all other parcels of land on the basis of several physical characteristics. The size and shape, geological features of elevation, slope, drainage capacity, mineral composition, soil fertility, and bedrock characteristics can be different from each of parcel of land. However, even if all of these characteristics are perfectly identical, each parcel of land is unique because of its location. No two parcels of land occupy the same space on the earths surface. 2.2.2 Economic Characteristic The first economic characteristic of real estate is high price. Real estate is the only commodity that the typical consumer buys that is measured in multiples of that individuals or households income. Second characteristic of real estate is shared with many other commodities that the consumer buys. It is because purchasing a real estate is generally undertaken with borrowed funds. The third economic characteristic of real estate arises from its physical characteristics of immobility, nonhomogenity, and location. The search costs, or information gathering costs, associated with comparison shopping are greater for real estate than for any other product. Purchaser must expend money and time to examine the many different units that are being considered for possible purchase or rental. The fourth economic characteristic of real estate is scarcity. Because of total amount of land available is limited, real estate in both its components of land and improvements is not available in sufficient quantities to meet the desires that all individuals have for it. The fifth economic characteristic is the concept of situs, the economic location of a parcel of real estate. Each parcel is affected by changes in economic and demographic factors in the surrounding area because each parcel is immobile. Sixth economic characteristic is the influence that the quantity and the quality of surrounding structures and other off-site improvements to the land have on the property in question. For an example, the value of subject property increase when the quantity of desirable improvements increased, or when their physical quality improves. Finally, concept of fixity is the final economic characteristic. Real estate has a long physical and economic life because it cannot be moved or easily altered once the investment is fixed. 2.3 Investing in Real Estate According to Micheal C. Thomsett, ( 2009), there are several reasons of investing in real estate which are: It is one of the few finite investments. Land is limited resources in the world. Hence, prices will rise when it is used up. Type of development such as development of housing, office, commercial, industrial, recreational, government, and lodging purposes is also limited due to limited amount of space can be used. There is some land which is used for reserve purposes, some cannot developed due to zoning restriction and topographical problem. It shows that land which is suitable for developing has become less followed by time passing and it shall be one of the sectors to invest. Real estate is a safe investment compared with stock market. The historical record for real estate, like all markets, has had ups and down. But over time, real estate has kept pace with inflation and has usually exceed the Consumer Price Index (CPI) growth rate. The real estate cycle is highly predictable, following patterns based on normal supply and demand and varying regionally but in the same manner for each cycle. With a growing population caused by both natural increases and immigration, demand pressure on housing stock has continued. In addition, real estate is considered one of the basic needs to human. People need shelter and housing provides them with that. Hence, there are always demand in real estate. Real estate investors can have opportunities for tax shelter which given by the local government. Real estate investors in United States enjoy exceptional federal income tax benefits. The benefits are unlike those available for any other investment. The 1997 Taxpayer Relief Act dramatically improved the tax benefits of owning your own home by eliminating the tax on profits for the first $500,000 when primary residences are sold. Investors are allowed to deduct all of the necessary expenses connected with owning rental property, such as for repairs, cleaning, accounting, interest, property taxes and others. In addition, cost of improvements on the buildings over a period of years can be claim by real estate investors. Besides that, capital allowance, exemption of foreign investment tax and reduction of real property gain tax is an exceptional tax from Malaysia government to real estate investors. Fourth, real estate is a visible investment. There is something satisfying and reassuring about owning an intrinsic property. Property is an tangible object and it is a fixed. It is visible and touchable. In comparison, investing in stocks market directly or through mutual funds is an intangible investment because investors own the companys real assets indirectly. ( Micheal C. Thomsett, 2009) 2.4 Investors involve in Real Estate According to Jack Harvey , (1996), investing in real estate is usually involve private persons, private trusts and the institutions such as insurance companies, pension funds, charities, property companies, property bond funds and property unit trusts. Each of the parties involved in have different objectives and their preferences. 2.4.1 Private persons Private person can be anybody who purchases a property rather than renting it. The return received from rented the property should at least equal to what could be obtained from the return invested in elsewhere. For example, a person may rent rather than buy a shop either through lack of capital or because it is considered that the money can be more profitably employed in carrying stock, and so on. Owner-occupiers, for example, shop owners, farmers and households, are holding wealth in the form of real property. They enjoy a full equity interest income or satisfaction from the use of their property, and normally a hedge against inflation. Other private persons investing in this property sector usually have only limited funds. Thus their direct investment tends to be restricted to dwellings and secondary shops. Indirectly, however, they can invest in prime shops and offices by buying property bonds or shares in property companies. 2.4.2 Insurance companies Insurance companies try to match assets to future liabilities, and this largely determines the spread of their portfolios as between short term and long term fixed-interest investments and equity holdings. Due to short term and long term fixed interest investments, insurance companies find the advantageous to own properties directly rather than through shares in property companies because: Direct investment in property gives the company more control than an investment in property company shares A substantial holding of the shares of a property company (necessary to exercise some control) may be more difficult to dispose of than a first-class building. The prices of buildings have tended to be less volatile than the prices of property company shares. The high gearing of a property company is of little advantage to an insurance company, which always holds part of its assets in fixed money terms. Holding shares in a property company represents an inefficient way invest in property, since corporation tax is deducted from profits attributable to dividend, whereas the insurance company pays a lower tax rate on life income. Insurance companies still hold a part of their assets in mortgages as an alternative to fixed interest bearing stock. 2.4.3 Pension funds Pension funds compete strongly with insurance companies and property companies in investing in real estate. it helps to retain the real value of the accumulated pension funds. The smaller pension funds invest in property indirectly through pension fund property unit trusts, whose trust deeds limit membership to pension funds and charities enjoying tax exemption. Such trusts afford the advantages of property investment without management problems. They prefer to purchase and manage their own properties. 2.4.4 Charities and trusts Charities and trusts are concerned not only with income (from which periodic distributions are made) but also with retaining the real value of thrust funds. Consequently, although they pay no income tax, they cannot invest entirely in high yielding securities. Charities receive some investment each year. They are therefore constantly reviewing their existing portfolios. The function is to observe that possible adjustments could best serve their beneficiaries in present and future condition. 2.4.5 Property companies Property investment and development companies have grown considerably since 1945, largely reflecting the boom in urban redevelopment. Most tend to be highly geared, their capital consisting of a high proportion of loans to ordinary shares. Properties owned provide the security against borrowing, while interest charges are covered by regular rents. High gearing is beneficial to the few ordinary shareholders when profits are good, and it makes it easier to retain control. The larger companies tend to specialize in office blocks or prime shop properties, and a few (such as Slough Estates) in industrial property. Residential property investment is confined mainly to smaller companies, many of which engage in ‘break-up operations, selling houses and flats to fitting tenants or, when vacant possession is obtained, to owner-occupiers. 2.4.6 Foreign investors Overseas investment in UK property has increased considerably since the fall in property prices through the recession and the 1992 devaluation of sterling. Foreign banks have also been active in funding such purchasers. 2.4.7 Property bond funds The person wishing to invest in property is faced with the snag of having insufficient funds to buy prime property, the kind which has shown the greatest capital growth. The property bond fund, a comparatively recent innovation, partly succeeds in overcoming this difficulty. Subscribers buy a number of units in a fund which invests the money in first class property. These funds take an active interest in the management of their properties, revaluing them at fixed intervals. 2.4.8 Property unit trusts A similar principle operates with those unit trusts which specialize in property, nut in order to avoid management commitments, such unit trusts use their funds to buy shares in property companies such as hotels which are concerned with property. 2.5 Rate of Return / Return On Investment (ROI) From Wikipedia, Rate of Return (ROR), also known as Return on Investment (ROI), rate of profit or sometimes just return, is the ratio of money gained or lost (whether realized or unrealized) on an investment relative to the amount of money invested. The amount of money gained or lost may be referred to as interest, profit/loss, gain/loss, or net income/loss. The money invested may be referred to as the asset, capital, principal, or the cost basis of the investment. ROI is usually expressed as a percentage rather than a fraction. Return on Investment is the actual earnings from the investment. This is apart from any returns that represent repayment of the principal invested (called amortization). In real estate, it is sometimes difficult to determine how much of income is Return on Investment and how much is a Return of Investment. It depends on what types of properties are invested. For example, renting a property that depreciates in value, some of the rental income must go toward significant repairs or even, eventually, replacing the building when it become useless from age or obsolescence. It is vital because it makes a difference in evaluating the performance of the investment. The Return on Investment determines how well the money is invested. Return of Investment affects risk of capital. The sooner the investment is recovered, the less risk there is of losing it. Measures of Return on Investment include the equity dividend rate, based on a one year analysis, and the internal rate of return, based on a multi-year projection by using discounted cash flow techniques. There are few elements need to be included when considering rate of return. The elements are: A safe rate: the rate that could get if putting the money into a perfectly safe and liquid investment. A liquidity premium: compensates for the difficulty of and time required in selling the property. Stocks and bonds may be sold at market value within a moments notice, whereas selling real estate may take months or years. A management premium: for the burden of monitoring and making decision about the investment. A risk premium: accounts for the chance that may not get back the money invested or the return will be lower than expected. Formula for ROI = NOI Capital of the Investment 2.6 Capitalization rate Formula for Cap Rate = NOI Estimated Market Value = NOI Market Value Cap Rate From Real Estate Investment Analysis Software, it defines that Capitalization Rate (â€Å"Cap Rate†) is a ratio used to compare properties with different valuations, and to also place a value on a property based on the income it generates. The Cap Rate is computed by taking the rental net operating income (NOI) and dividing it by the propertys fair market value (FMV). The higher the Capitalization Rate is the better. Capitalization Rate or Cap Rate is also known as a ratio used to estimate the value of income producing properties. Put simply, the cap rate is the net operating income divided by the sales price or value of a property expressed as a percentage. Investors, lenders and appraisers use the cap rate to estimate the purchase price for different types of income producing properties. A market cap rate is determined by evaluating the financial data of similar properties which have recently sold in a specific market. It provides a more reliable estimate of value than a market Gross Rent Multiplier since the cap rate calculation utilizes more of a propertys financial detail. The GRM calculation only considers a propertys selling price and gross rents. The Cap Rate calculation incorporates a propertys selling price, gross rents, non rental income, vacancy amount and operating expenses thus providing a more reliable estimate of value. The Cap rate may vary in different areas of a city for many reasons such as desirability of location, level of crime and general condition of an area. In a real estate market where net operating incomes are increasing and cap rates are declining over time for a given type of investment property such as office buildings, values will be generally increasing. If net operating incomes are decreasing and capitalization rates are increasing over time in a given market place, property values will be declining. From Investopedia, capitalization rate is a method used to convert an estimate of a single years income expectancy into an indication of value in one direct step, by dividing the income estimate by an appropriate rate. 2.7 Reason that student property market is attractive to investors, Real Estate Research in United Kingdom, 2007 The student property market is attractive to investors for a number of reasons. Firstly, demographic trends support increasing demand, in terms of both the magnitude of population growth and matriculation rates. University-owned supply has failed to keep pace with demand growth, leaving a large and growing supply gap, as the private sector has been slow to fill the void. Moreover, much of the existing student housing stock is old and obsolete, and does not meet evolving industry standards or satisfy student preferences in terms of unit design and project amenities. Thus, the effective gap between the units preferred and those actually supplied is magnified. Per-unit rents for student housing generally exceed those for normal apartments, as units have more tenants paying rent. Recent rent growth also has been greater. Rents and occupancy tend to be less sensitive to economic cycles than normal apartments. It does not affect much by economic factor especially during economic recession period. Besides that, credit-loss at student complexes typically is below that of conventional apartments because they got parents as their guarantee. Parents are the person who responsible to the rental paying of the students. Thus, it makes the investors in this sector more secure. 2.8 Risk factor when investing in student property, Real Estate Research in United Kingdom, 2007 Student property presents a number of challenges and risks unique to this sector, which if not managed property, can affect the performance of the investment. They are: Short leasing cycle: Most student property is leased during a narrow window of time during the spring semester, and few students move during the academic year, so prospects for filling vacancies once this window has passed are limited. If management has misjudged rents or amenities, it could have long-term implications for the project. High reliance on a single source of demand: Demand for student property primarily comes from one nearby university (though student housing projects in urban markets sometimes can draw from more than school). Developers and investors must know the local student population and admission trends and gear their product toward their student base. High turnover: Unit turnover during the academic year is small, but only about one-third of students typically renew, creating high annual turnover that all occurs in a concentrated time. Reputation: Word of mouth is the key to marketing efforts for off-campus property. If a property is not well managed or maintain, students will quickly spread the word, which could affect future demand. Wear and tear: Maintenance costs can be higher for student property due to more intensive use by the students, and the short time to turn-around units ( though the perceived extent of student abuse is sometimes exaggerated relative to the reality). Economic cycles: The demand for student housing overall is less cyclical than that for other real estate categories. Student enrollments do not vacillate as dramatically as do, say, employment and consumer spending. Even so, students will seek for less expensive units during recessions. Weak market conditions for regular apartments can attract students seeking bargain rents. 2.9 Summary of Chapter This chapter on literature review has discussed the definition of investment, rate of return, capitalization rate, characteristic of real estate, investors investing in real estate, reason investing in real estate, reason investing in student property market (student investment property) and risk investing in student property market (student investment property). Rate of Return / Return on Investment is considered same as Capitalization Rate in this study. Capital of the investment is similar with market value of the property that would be investing in. In addition, research methodology used in gathering the information will be discussed in the following chapter. The process of data collection, analysis and determination on study area also will be explained in the following chapter.

Critical Analysis for Composed Upon Westminster Bridge

William Wordsworth growing up spending most of this time alone and almost always around nature, typically writes of how we are affecting nature. However in the poem Composed upon Westminster Bridge we see a different side of Wordsworth were he describes a city so still and peaceful the beauty is hard to pass unnoticed. Throughout Composed upon Westminster Bridge Wordsworth uses imagery, figures of speech and tone. This poem we see a new side to Wordsworth’s writing, Wordsworth uses imagery as a way to make us see and feel what he is as he looks over Westminster Bridge. He uses visual imagery to make us picture the beauty he is it witnessing. â€Å"All bright and glittering in the smokeless air†, he sees that even the things we never thought to have beauty can prove to be some of the most beautiful things. â€Å"Never did a sun more beautiful steep†, nature has a way of taking the most simple things and making them look of something of great beauty. In line eleven Wordsworth uses the sense of inter emotions. Saying â€Å"Ne’re saw I, never felt a calm so deep†, what he saw that morning made him feel so at ease. It is as though he is surprised at how the simplest things from nature can sway our emotions. Wordsworth uses personification in several places in the poem, in reference to the city, sun, river, and houses. He creates the impression that nature is a living being with a soul. In line twelve, â€Å"the river glideth at his own sweet will†, is saying nature has a way of taking its own path and journey when it’s not corrupted by humans. The beauty of such simple things can be seen better when all is still. With the tranquility we can view nature’s natural beauty, like said in line thirteen, â€Å"Dear God! The very houses seem asleep†. Nature has a way of dressing the city with beauty that we cannot always imagine, â€Å"this city now doth, like a garment†, Wordsworth is using a simile to compare the morning beauty to clothing. The manner in which Composed upon Westminster Bridge is written shows a few different tones. Such as, in the first three lines he is showing admiration for the beautiful sight he sees. It’s as though he’s praising the simplicity of the beauty. Also shown in line nine, â€Å"never did the sun more beautifully steep†, is a tone of praise and awe at just how beautiful a sight it was. The last four lines Wordsworth writes give the tone of peace. How the city was so calm that for those moments it was peaceful. The way Wordsworth uses imagery, figures of speech and tone in the writing of Composed upon Westminster Bridge is how he can get other to feel as if they were there that morning to see and feel what he did. This poem shows that there is beauty in everything, but that to sometimes see this beauty we must look harder to find it.

Essay about Mat 510 Case Study Statistical Thinking in...

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Organizational Change - 3323 Words

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